Factores de riesgo ambientales asociados a malformaciones orofaciales y defectos del tubo neural en recién nacidos

Frida  Hernández Vázquez; Obed Lemus Rogero; Alfredo Salazar de Santiago; Cristal Yurixie Díaz Rosas; Ma. del Socorro Sotelo Camacho; Francisco Luna Pacheco

doi:10.47990/0zb11y77

Authors

Frida Hernández Vázquez Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-7406
Obed Lemus Rogero Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1453-4237
Alfredo Salazar de Santiago Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-9537
Cristal Yurixie Díaz Rosas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9358-6927
Ma. del Socorro Sotelo Camacho Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5734-0801
Francisco Luna Pacheco Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1709-8353

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47990/0zb11y77

Keywords:

congenital abnormalities, cleft lip, cleft palate, neural tube defects, risk factors

Abstract

Introduction: Orofacial malformations and neural tube defects, such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and myelomeningocele, affect the health and quality of life of newborns. Their origin is multifactorial, and their presence increases the risk of complications and infant mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of risk factors associated with orofacial malformations and neural tube defects in newborns. Materials and Methods: The records of newborns diagnosed with congenital and orofacial malformations registered from January 2018 to June 2022 at the Hospital de la Mujer Zacatecana were reviewed. Likewise, the statistical association between these diagnoses and the identified risk factors was evaluated. Results: 33.67% presented orofacial malformations, isolated or associated with syndromes and neural tube defects. Within this group, 34.8% corresponded to cases of cleft lip, both unilateral and bilateral; 36.4% also had cleft palate. Of the neural tube defects and other embryological structures, 25 cases were presented: 48% were myelomeningocele, 16% were mandibular defects, and 12% were hemifacial microsomia. A statistically significant association was observed between neural tube defects and other embryological structures, as well as the presence of urinary tract infections during pregnancy, in individuals with insufficient folate intake (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The complexity of addressing congenital malformations and implementing multidisciplinary strategies for prevention, early detection, and comprehensive management of associated risk factors is highlighted.

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